If You Have Been Sworn in to the Presedencie Do You Have to Get Sworn in Again

Oath taken by new President of the United States

Main Justice John Roberts administering the presidential oath of office to Joe Biden on January 20, 2021.

The oath of office of the president of the United states of america is the oath or affirmation that the president of the The states takes upon assuming role. The wording of the adjuration is specified in Article II, Section One, Clause 8, of the United States Constitution, and a new president must take it before exercising or conveying out whatsoever official powers or duties.

This clause is one of iii adjuration or affirmation clauses in the Constitution, but it is the only ane that actually specifies the words that must be spoken. Article I, Section iii requires Senators, when sitting to attempt impeachments, to be "on Oath or Affidavit." Article 6, Clause 3, similarly requires the persons specified therein to "exist bound by adjuration or affidavit, to support this Constitution." The presidential adjuration requires much more than than that general oath of fidelity and fidelity. This clause enjoins the new president to swear or affirm that he "volition to the all-time of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the The states."^[ane]

Text [edit]

Before he enter on the Execution of his Part, he shall have the following Oath or Affirmation:— "I practise solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States." ^[2]

Swearing-in ceremony [edit]

A newly elected or re-elected president of the U.s.a. begins their four-year term of office at noon on the twentieth day of January following the election, and, by tradition, takes the adjuration of role during an inauguration on that appointment; prior to 1937 the president's term of office began on March iv.^[3] If January 20 falls on a Sunday, the president volition exist sworn in that day by taking the oath privately, merely will then re-take the oath in a public anniversary the next 24-hour interval, on Jan 21.

9 vice presidents take succeeded to the presidency upon the expiry or resignation of the president. In these situations the adjuration of role was administered to the new president as chop-chop as possible, every bit doing so immune the presidency to continue uninterrupted.^[4]

Administration of the oath [edit]

While the Constitution does non mandate that anyone in particular should administer the presidential oath of office, it has been administered past the chief justice beginning with John Adams, except post-obit the death of a sitting president. George Washington was sworn into office during his get-go inauguration, on April 30, 1789, by Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston.^{[5] [half dozen]} William Cranch, chief approximate of the U.South. Circuit Court, administered the oath to Millard Fillmore on July x, 1850, when he became president afterwards the decease of Zachary Taylor.^[seven] Upon existence informed of Warren Harding's decease, while visiting his family home in Plymouth Notch, Vermont, Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as president past his father, John Calvin Coolidge Sr., a notary public.^{[8] [ix]} Federal Judge Sarah T. Hughes administered the adjuration of office to Lyndon B. Johnson aboard Air Force I afterwards John F. Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963; the merely time a woman has administered the oath of function. Overall, the presidential oath has been administered past 15 main justices (one of whom—William Howard Taft—was as well a one-time president), ane associate justice, iv federal judges, two New York state judges, and i notary public.

Choice of taking an oath or an affirmation [edit]

The Constitutional language gives the option to "assert" instead of "swear." While the reasons for this are not documented, information technology may relate to certain Christians, including Quakers, who apply this scripture literally: "But above all things, my brethren, swear non, neither by heaven, neither by the globe, neither by any other oath: only let your yea be yea; and your nay, nay; lest ye fall into condemnation" (James 5:12, KJV).^[10] Franklin Pierce was the merely president known to use the word "affirm" rather than "swear." Herbert Hoover is often listed to have used "assert" every bit well, owing to his being a Quaker, but a newsreel taken of the ceremony indicates that the words used were "solemnly swear."^[11] Richard Nixon, who was also a Quaker, swore, rather than affirmed.^{[12] [13]}

Forms of administering the adjuration [edit]

There have been two forms of administering, and taking, the adjuration of office.

Nether the outset course, now in disuse, the administrator articulated the constitutional oath in the form of a question, and modifying the wording from the start to the 2nd person, every bit in, "Do you, George Washington, solemnly swear ..." then requested an affirmation. At that point a response of "I exercise" or "I swear" completed the oath.^{[ citation needed ]}

It is believed that this was the common procedure at least until the early on 20th century. In 1881, the New York Times commodity covering the swearing in of Chester A. Arthur, reported that he responded to the question of accepting the oath with the words, "I volition, so assistance me God."^[xiv] In 1929, Fourth dimension mag reported that the Chief Justice William H. Taft began the oath uttering, "You lot, Herbert Hoover, do you solemnly swear ...",^[xv] Hoover replied with a unproblematic "I exercise."^[16]

Under the second, and current form, the administrator articulates the adjuration in the affirmative, and in the get-go person, so that the president takes the oath by repeating it verbatim.^{[ citation needed ]} Franklin Roosevelt, in 1933, stood silent as Main Justice Charles Evans Hughes recited the entire oath, then repeated that oath from start to end himself.^[17] By the time of Harry Truman's inauguration in 1949, the practice was for the chief justice to utter the oath in phrases, with the president repeating those phrases, until the oath was completed.^[eighteen]

Use of Bibles [edit]

Joe Biden takes the oath of office on the Biden family Bible, January 20, 2021

Past convention, incoming presidents raise their right hand and place the left on a Bible while taking the oath of part. In 1789, George Washington took the oath of office with an altar Bible borrowed from the St. John'southward Guild No. 1, Ancient York Masons lodge in New York, and he kissed the Bible afterward.^{[19] [xx]} Subsequent presidents upward to and including Harry S. Truman, followed suit.^[21] Dwight D. Eisenhower said a prayer in the cease instead of kissing the Bible in 1953.^[22]

Theodore Roosevelt did not apply the Bible when taking the adjuration in 1901,^[23] nor did John Quincy Adams, who swore on a volume of law, with the intention that he was swearing on the constitution.^[24] Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in on a Roman Catholic missal on Air Force One.^[25] Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon, George H. W. Bush-league, Barack Obama and Donald Trump each swore the oath on two Bibles.^[23] The big leather-bound Bible used by Joe Biden had been in the Biden family unit since 1893.^[26]

"Then help me God" [edit]

The First Congress explicitly prescribed the phrase "So help me God" in oaths under the Judiciary Act of 1789 for all U.S. judges and officers other than the president. Information technology was prescribed even before nether the various showtime state constitutions^[27] besides as by the 2d Continental Congress in 1776.^{[28] [29]} Although the phrase is mandatory in these oaths, the said Human activity also allows for the option that the phrase be omitted by the officeholder, in which case it would be chosen an affirmation instead of an oath: "Which words, and so assistance me God, shall exist omitted in all cases where an affirmation is admitted instead of an oath."^[30] In contrast, the oath of the president is the only oath specified in the Constitution. It does non include the endmost phrase "Then help me God," and it also allows for the optional grade of an affirmation which is not considered an oath. In practice, even so, most presidents, at least during the terminal century, have opted to take the adjuration (rather than an affidavit), to apply a Bible to practise so, and also to close the oath with the customary phrase.

There is currently contend as to whether or not George Washington, the outset president, added the phrase to his acceptance of the oath.^[31] The earliest known source indicating Washington added "So help me God" to his acceptance, non to the oath, is attributed to Washington Irving, aged 6 at the time of the inauguration, and kickoff appears 65 years after the event.^[32] The only contemporary account that repeats the oath in full, a report from the French delegate, Comte de Moustier, states simply the ramble oath,^[33] without reference to Washington's adding "So aid me God" to his credence.

The historical debate over who starting time used "So help me God" is marred past ignoring the two forms of giving the oath. The beginning, at present in disuse, is when the administrator articulates the constitutional adjuration in the form of a question, as in, "Do you George Washington solemnly swear ...", requesting an affirmation. At that point a response of "I do" or "I swear" completes the oath. Without verbatim transcripts, the scant existing prove shows this was the common procedure at least until the early 20th century. In 1865 the Sacramento Daily Spousal relationship covered the second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln finished his oath with "So aid me God," and he kissed the Bible.^[34] Even so, the Daily Spousal relationship's account seems embellished in a number of means, and other newspaper accounts, published closer in fourth dimension to the ceremony, do not mention Lincoln's uttering the phrase.^[35] In 1881, the New York Times commodity covering the swearing in of Chester A. Arthur reported that he responded to the question of accepting the oath with the words, "I will, so help me God."^[14] In 1929, Time magazine reported that the chief justice began the oath uttering, "You lot, Herbert Hoover, do y'all solemnly swear ..."^[xv] Hoover replied with a simple "I do."

A contemporaneous newspaper account of Lincoln's 1865 inauguration states that Lincoln appended the phrase "So help me God" to the oath.^[34] This paper written report is followed by another account, provided later in the same yr subsequently Lincoln's death (April 15, 1865), that Lincoln said "So assist me God" during his oath.^[36] The show pertaining to the 1865 inauguration is much stronger than that pertaining to Lincoln's 1861 employ of the phrase. Several sources merits that Lincoln said "So assist me God" at his 1861 inauguration, yet these sources were not contemporaneous to the effect.^{[37] [38]} During the speech, Lincoln stated that his oath was "registered in Sky,"^[39] something some accept taken as indicating he probable uttered the phrase "So assistance me God." Conversely, there was a merits made by A. Thou. Milligan (a Presbyterian minister who advocated for an official Christian U.S. government) that letters were sent to Abraham Lincoln asking him to swear to God during his inaugurations, and Lincoln allegedly wrote back saying that God'due south name was non in the Constitution, and he could not depart from the letter of the alphabet of that instrument.^{[forty] [ full citation needed ] [41]}

All federal judges and executive officers were required as early as 1789 past statute to include the phrase unless they affirmed, in which case the phrase must be omitted.^[42] Given that nigh every president-elect since President Franklin D. Roosevelt has recited the additional phrase, it is likely that the majority of presidents-elect have uttered it.^[43]

Oath mishaps [edit]

Barack Obama existence administered the oath of function by Chief Justice John Roberts for the second time, on January 21, 2009.

• In 1909, when President William Howard Taft was sworn in, Chief Justice Melville Fuller misquoted the oath, but the error was not publicized at the time. The mistake was like to the one Taft himself would brand twenty years later when swearing in President Hoover. Recalling the incident, Taft wrote, "When I was sworn in as president by Chief Justice Fuller, he made a similar skid," and added, "but in those days when in that location was no radio, information technology was observed only in the Senate chamber where I took the oath."^[15]
• In 1929, Chief Justice Taft, himself formerly a president of the U.s.a., garbled the oath when he swore in President Herbert Hoover using the words "preserve, maintain, and defend the Constitution," instead of "preserve, protect, and defend." The fault was picked upwardly by schoolgirl Helen Terwilliger on the radio. Taft eventually acknowledged his error, only did not think information technology was important, and Hoover did not retake the oath. In Taft'due south view, his departure from the text did non invalidate the oath.^{[fifteen] [44] [45]}
• In 1945, President Harry S. Truman'south blank initial caused an unusual slip when he first became president and took the adjuration. At a meeting in the Cabinet Room, Master Justice Harlan Stone, plain mistaken about the significant of Truman's heart initial (which is non an abbreviation but rather the whole middle name in itself), began reading the oath by saying "I, Harry Shipp Truman, ..." Truman responded: "I, Harry S Truman, ..."^[46]
• In both his 1953 and 1957 inaugurations, Dwight D. Eisenhower read the line "the office of President of the The states" as "the office of the President of the United States," even as chief justices Fred Vinson (in 1953) and Earl Warren (in 1957) said the line correctly.
• In 1965, Principal Justice Earl Warren prompted Lyndon Johnson to say, "the Part of the Presidency of the Usa."^[47]
• In 1973, President Richard Nixon added the give-and-take "and" betwixt "preserve" and "protect," resulting in "preserve and protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." Nixon had recited the line correctly during his first inauguration.
• In 2009, Main Justice John Roberts, while administering the oath to Barack Obama, incorrectly recited part of the oath. Roberts prompted, "That I will execute the Office of President to the United States faithfully." Obama stopped at "execute," and waited for Roberts to correct himself. Roberts, later on a false start, then followed Obama's "execute" with "faithfully," which results in "execute faithfully," which is also incorrect. Obama and then repeated Roberts' initial, incorrect prompt, with the word "faithfully" afterwards "Us."^{[48] [49]} The oath was re-administered the next day past Roberts at the White House.^{[50] [51]}

List of swearing-in events [edit]

Since the part of President of the United States came into beingness in 1789 there accept been 59 public swearing-in ceremonies to marker the first of a new four-yr presidential term, plus an additional nine marker the starting time of a fractional presidential term following the intra-term death or resignation of an incumbent president. With the 2021 inauguration of Joe Biden, the presidential oath has been taken 76 dissimilar times by 45 persons. This numerical discrepancy results chiefly from two factors: a president must take the oath at the beginning of each term of function, and, because Inauguration Twenty-four hour period has sometimes fallen on a Lord's day, five presidents accept taken the adjuration privately before the public inauguration ceremony. In add-on, three have repeated the adjuration every bit a precaution against potential later constitutional challenges.^[52]

Date	Type	Event[a]	Location	Oath administered past
April xxx, 1789 (Thursday)	Public	First inauguration of George Washington	Balcony, Federal Hall New York, New York	Robert Livingston Chancellor of New York
March 4, 1793 (Monday)	Public	Second inauguration of George Washington	Senate Chamber, Congress Hall Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	William Cushing Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court
March 4, 1797 (Saturday)	Public	Inauguration of John Adams	House Chamber, Congress Hall	Oliver Ellsworth Principal Justice of the Usa
March 4, 1801 (Wednesday)	Public	First inauguration of Thomas Jefferson	Senate Sleeping room, U.South. Capitol Washington, D.C.	John Marshall Chief Justice of the The states
March four, 1805 (Monday)	Public	Second inauguration of Thomas Jefferson	Senate Chamber, U.Due south. Capitol	John Marshall Chief Justice
March iv, 1809 (Sat)	Public	Commencement inauguration of James Madison	House Chamber, U.Southward. Capitol	John Marshall Chief Justice
March iv, 1813 (Thursday)	Public	Second inauguration of James Madison	Firm Sleeping room, U.Due south. Capitol	John Marshall Chief Justice
March 4, 1817 (Tuesday)	Public	First inauguration of James Monroe	Front steps, Old Brick Capitol	John Marshall Chief Justice
March 5, 1821 [b] (Monday)	Public	Second inauguration of James Monroe	House Chamber, U.S. Capitol	John Marshall Main Justice
March 4, 1825 (Friday)	Public	Inauguration of John Quincy Adams	House Chamber, U.South. Capitol	John Marshall Master Justice
March 4, 1829 (Midweek)	Public	First inauguration of Andrew Jackson	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	John Marshall Chief Justice
March 4, 1833 (Monday)	Public	Second inauguration of Andrew Jackson	House Chamber, U.S. Capitol	John Marshall Primary Justice
March 4, 1837 (Sat)	Public	Inauguration of Martin Van Buren	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Roger B. Taney Principal Justice of the United States
March 4, 1841 (Thursday)	Public	Inauguration of William Henry Harrison	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Roger B. Taney Chief Justice
April 6, 1841 [c] (Tuesday)	Private	Inauguration of John Tyler	Brown's Indian Queen Hotel, Washington, D.C.	William Cranch Chief Judge, U.Southward. Excursion Court of the District of Columbia
March 4, 1845 (Tuesday)	Public	Inauguration of James 1000. Polk	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Roger B. Taney Principal Justice
March 5, 1849 [b] (Mon)	Public	Inauguration of Zachary Taylor	E Portico, U.S. Capitol	Roger B. Taney Principal Justice
July 10, 1850 [d] (Wednesday)	Public	Inauguration of Millard Fillmore	Firm Chamber, U.S. Capitol	William Cranch Circuit Courtroom Judge
March four, 1853 (Fri)	Public	Inauguration of Franklin Pierce	E Portico, U.Due south. Capitol	Roger B. Taney Chief Justice
March four, 1857 (Wednesday)	Public	Inauguration of James Buchanan	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Roger B. Taney Master Justice
March four, 1861 (Monday)	Public	First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln	Due east Portico, U.S. Capitol	Roger B. Taney Chief Justice
March four, 1865 (Saturday)	Public	Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln	Eastward Portico, U.S. Capitol	Salmon P. Chase Chief Justice of the U.s.a.
April 15, 1865 (Saturday)	Private	Inauguration of Andrew Johnson	Kirkwood Business firm Hotel, Washington, D.C.	Salmon P. Chase Chief Justice
March 4, 1869 (Thursday)	Public	First inauguration of Ulysses Southward. Grant	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Salmon P. Hunt Chief Justice
March four, 1873 (Tuesday)	Public	Second inauguration of Ulysses Due south. Grant	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Salmon P. Chase Master Justice
March three, 1877 [53] [b] (Sat)	Private	Inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes	Blood-red Room, White House	Morrison Waite Chief Justice of the The states
March 5, 1877 [b] (Monday)	Public		Due east Portico, U.S. Capitol
March four, 1881 (Fri)	Public	Inauguration of James A. Garfield	E Portico, U.S. Capitol	Morrison Waite Principal Justice
September 20, 1881 [54] [east] (Tuesday)	Private	Inauguration of Chester A. Arthur	Chester A. Arthur Habitation, New York, New York	John R. Brady Justice of the New York Supreme Courtroom
September 22, 1881 [due east] (Thursday)	Public		The Vice President'southward Room, U.South. Capitol	Morrison Waite Chief Justice
March 4, 1885 (Wednesday)	Public	First inauguration of Grover Cleveland	East Portico, U.South. Capitol	Morrison Waite Chief Justice
March 4, 1889 (Monday)	Public	Inauguration of Benjamin Harrison	East Portico, U.Southward. Capitol	Melville Fuller Primary Justice of the United states of america
March four, 1893 (Saturday)	Public	Second inauguration of Grover Cleveland	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Melville Fuller Chief Justice
March 4, 1897 (Thursday)	Public	Get-go inauguration of William McKinley	Front of original Senate Fly U.S. Capitol	Melville Fuller Chief Justice
March 4, 1901 (Monday)	Public	Second inauguration of William McKinley	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Melville Fuller Chief Justice
September xiv, 1901 (Saturday)	Private	Kickoff inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt	Ansley Wilcox Home, Buffalo, New York	John R. Hazel Approximate, U.S. Commune Court for the Western District of New York
March 4, 1905 (Sat)	Public	Second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt	East Portico, U.Due south. Capitol	Melville Fuller Chief Justice
March 4, 1909 (Thursday)	Public	Inauguration of William Howard Taft	Senate Bedroom, U.Southward. Capitol	Melville Fuller Main Justice
March 4, 1913 (Tuesday)	Public	First inauguration of Woodrow Wilson	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Edward D. White Chief Justice of the United States
March 4, 1917 [55] (Sunday)	Individual	Second inauguration of Woodrow Wilson	The President'southward Room, U.S. Capitol	Edward D. White Primary Justice
March 5, 1917 [b] (Monday)	Public		Eastward Portico, U.S. Capitol
March 4, 1921 (Friday)	Public	Inauguration of Warren One thousand. Harding	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Edward D. White Main Justice
August 3, 1923 [56] [f] (Fri)	Individual	First inauguration of Calvin Coolidge	Coolidge Homestead, Plymouth Notch, Vermont	John Calvin Coolidge Vermont justice of the peace
August 21, 1923 [56] [f] (Tuesday)	Private		Willard Hotel Washington, D.C.	Adolph A. Hoehling Jr. Judge, U.S. District Courtroom for the District of Columbia
March 4, 1925 (Wed)	Public	2nd inauguration of Calvin Coolidge	East Portico, U.Southward. Capitol	William H. Taft Chief Justice of the United States
March 4, 1929 (Monday)	Public	Inauguration of Herbert Hoover	Due east Portico, U.Due south. Capitol	William H. Taft Principal Justice
March 4, 1933 (Sabbatum)	Public	First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Charles Eastward. Hughes Main Justice of the United States
January 20, 1937 (Midweek)	Public	Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt	Due east Portico, U.S. Capitol	Charles E. Hughes Master Justice
Jan xx, 1941 (Monday)	Public	Third inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Charles E. Hughes Chief Justice
January 20, 1945 (Saturday)	Public	Fourth inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt	Due south Portico, White Firm	Harlan F. Stone Master Justice of the Usa
April 12, 1945 (Thursday)	Private	First inauguration of Harry Due south. Truman	Cabinet Room, White House	Harlan F. Stone Master Justice
January 20, 1949 (Thursday)	Public	2d inauguration of Harry Due south. Truman	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Fred M. Vinson Main Justice of the The states
Jan 20, 1953 (Tuesday)	Public	Kickoff inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower	East Portico, U.S. Capitol	Fred Thousand. Vinson Chief Justice
January 20, 1957 (Lord's day)	Individual	Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower	E Room, White Business firm	Earl Warren Chief Justice of the United States
January 21, 1957 [1000] (Mon)	Public		East Portico, U.Southward. Capitol
January 20, 1961 (Friday)	Public	Inauguration of John F. Kennedy	Due east Portico, U.S. Capitol	Earl Warren Chief Justice
November 22, 1963 (Friday)	Individual	First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson	Air Force 1, Dallas Love Field, Dallas, Texas	Sarah T. Hughes Gauge, U.S. Commune Court for the Northern District of Texas
January 20, 1965 (Wednesday)	Public	Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson	Due east Portico, U.Due south. Capitol	Earl Warren Main Justice
January twenty, 1969 (Mon)	Public	First inauguration of Richard Nixon	Eastward Portico, U.South. Capitol	Earl Warren Chief Justice
January twenty, 1973 (Saturday)	Public	Second inauguration of Richard Nixon	East Portico, U.Due south. Capitol	Warren Burger Principal Justice of the U.s.
Baronial 9, 1974 (Friday)	Public	Inauguration of Gerald Ford	East Room, White Business firm	Warren Burger Principal Justice
January 20, 1977 (Thursday)	Public	Inauguration of Jimmy Carter	Eastward Portico, U.S. Capitol	Warren Burger Master Justice
January 20, 1981 (Tuesday)	Public	First inauguration of Ronald Reagan	Westward Front, U.Southward. Capitol	Warren Burger Chief Justice
Jan twenty, 1985 (Sun)	Private	Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan	Entrance hall, White House	Warren Burger Chief Justice
January 21, 1985 [g] (Monday)	Public		Rotunda, U.S. Capitol
Jan 20, 1989 (Fri)	Public	Inauguration of George H. W. Bush	West Front, U.South. Capitol	William Rehnquist Primary Justice of the United States
January 20, 1993 (Wednesday)	Public	Outset inauguration of Neb Clinton	West Front, U.S. Capitol	William Rehnquist Chief Justice
January twenty, 1997 (Monday)	Public	Second inauguration of Neb Clinton	West Front, U.Due south. Capitol	William Rehnquist Chief Justice
January 20, 2001 (Sabbatum)	Public	First inauguration of George W. Bush	West Front, U.S. Capitol	William Rehnquist Master Justice
January 20, 2005 (Th)	Public	2d inauguration of George W. Bush	West Front, U.S. Capitol	William Rehnquist Principal Justice
January 20, 2009 (Tuesday)	Public	Beginning inauguration of Barack Obama	Westward Front, U.S. Capitol	John Roberts Chief Justice of the United States
Jan 21, 2009 [57] [h] (Midweek)	Individual		Map Room, White Firm
January 20, 2013 [58] (Sunday)	Individual	2nd inauguration of Barack Obama	Blue Room, White House	John Roberts Chief Justice
January 21, 2013 [g] (Monday)	Public		Westward Front, U.S. Capitol
Jan 20, 2017 (Friday)	Public	Inauguration of Donald Trump	Due west Front, U.S. Capitol	John Roberts Master Justice
January 20, 2021 (Wednesday)	Public	Inauguration of Joe Biden	West Front, U.S. Capitol	John Roberts Principal Justice
ZZZDate	ZZZType	ZZZOutcome	ZZZLocation	ZZZAdjuration administered past

Notes [edit]

1. ^ Inaugurations sort alphabetically by president'southward terminal name.
2. ^ ^{a b c d east} Term began Sunday, March 4.
3. ^ Term began when President Harrison died on April 4.
4. ^ Term began when President Taylor died on July ix.
5. ^ ^{a b} Term began when President Garfield died on September xix.
6. ^ ^{a b} Term began when President Harding died on August 2.
7. ^ ^{a b c} Term began Sunday, January 20.
8. ^ Oath repeated after "mishap" at the public ceremony.

Map showing locations where the adjuration of role was first taken, marked with a greenish 'O' (or a greenish dot for scheduled occurrences). Locations where presidencies ended unexpectedly are marked with a blood-red 'X' (a red dot denoted scheduled transitions). The nine sets of names shown in black denote the location where presidencies have concluded intra-term due to the incumbent'southward death (four presidents have died of natural causes and four were assassinated—names underlined in grayness) or resignation (ane, noted by a superscript 'R'). The inset at the lesser of the map is Oath or Affirmation Clause (Article Two, Department Ane, Clause 8) of the U.S. Constitution.

Meet also [edit]

• Presidential Succession Act
• Oath of office of the vice president of the The states

References [edit]

1. ^ Kesavan, Vasan. "Essays on Article Ii: Oath of Office". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
2. ^ "The Constitution of the United States of America: Analysis and Interpretation, Centennial Edition, Interim Edition: Assay of Cases Decided by the Supreme Court of the Usa to June 26, 2013" (PDF). Washington, DC: U.Due south. Government Printing Role. 2013. p. thirteen.
3. ^ Larson, Edward J.; Shesol, Jeff. "Twentieth Amendment". Interactive Constitution. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: National Constitution Center. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
4. ^ Arbelbide, C. L. (Wintertime 2000). "Sharp Transition". Prologue. Vol. 32, no. 4. Washington, D.C.: National Archives. Retrieved August 1, 2019.
5. ^ "Presidential Election of 1789". George Washington's Mount Vernon. Mount Vernon Ladies' Clan. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
6. ^ "George Washington's Inaugural Accost". The National Archives. Retrieved Oct four, 2015.
7. ^ "President Millard Fillmore, 1850". Joint Congressional Commission on Inaugural Ceremonies. Retrieved 2009-01-23 .
8. ^ Glenn D. Kittler, Hail to the Principal!: The Inauguration Days of our Presidents, 1965, page 167.
9. ^ Porter H. Dale, "The Calvin Coolidge Inauguration Revisited: An Eyewitness Account by Congressman Porter H. Dale", Vermont History, 1994, Volume 62, pp. 214–222.
10. ^ "Oath Of Office: To Swear Or To Affirm". NPR.org. January xviii, 2009.
11. ^ Bendat, Jim (2012). Democracy's Big Day: The Inauguration of Our President, 1789–2013. iUniverse. pp. xi, 28, 36. ISBN978-1-935278-47-4.
12. ^ Consume, Wendy (July ane, 2016). "Quaker Presidents and the Oath of Part". renofriends.org. Reno Friends Quaker Meeting. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
13. ^ YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-22.
14. ^ ^{a b} "The New Assistants; President Arthur Formally Inaugurated". The New York Times. September 23, 1881.
15. ^ ^{a b c d} Time Magazine, Mar. 25, 1929]. Retrieved 2009-01-23. ^{[ dead link ]}
16. ^ Herbert Hoover Takes the Oath of Function. February 6, 2009. Archived from the original on 2021-12-22 – via YouTube.
17. ^ Franklin D. Roosevelt – Oath of role March fourth, 1933. June nineteen, 2007. Archived from the original on 2021-12-22 – via YouTube.
18. ^ Harry Southward. Truman – Oath of office January 20th, 1949. June nineteen, 2007. Archived from the original on 2021-12-22 – via YouTube.
19. ^ http://www.stjohns1.org/portal/gwib "St. John's Lodge No. i, Aboriginal York Masons".
20. ^ Joint Congressional Committee on Inauguration Ceremonies website: "Inauguration of President George Washington, 1789". Retrieved 2009-02-16.
21. ^ McCullough, David (1992). Truman. New York: Simon and Schuster. pp. 347, 729. ISBN0-671-86920-v. Harry Truman is a notable example, every bit he aptitude and kissed the Bible upon taking the oath for the first fourth dimension, on April 12, 1945, also equally at his 2nd inauguration.
22. ^ "Countdown fun facts". Toledo, OH: WTOL.com. Retrieved 2010-08-07 .
23. ^ ^{a b} "Bibles Used in Inaugural Ceremonies". Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved March 24, 2015. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
24. ^ Kennon, Donald (2005). "Presidential Inaugurations Past and Present". Retrieved 2006-12-06 .
25. ^ Drinking glass, Andrew J. (February 26, 1967). "Catholic Church building Missal, Not Bible, Used by Johnson for Oath at Dallas" (PDF). The Washington Postal service . Retrieved June 15, 2014.
26. ^ Schumaker, Erin (January twenty, 2021). "The significance of the Bible Joe Biden is using on Inauguration Day". abcnews.go.com. ABC News Network. Retrieved Jan 21, 2021.
27. ^ "Georgia Constitution of 1777". GeorgiaInfo. University of Georgia Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2012-11-28 .
28. ^ "Intelligence in the War of Independence". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on December 10, 2008. Retrieved December 26, 2008.
29. ^ "Oaths of Enlistment and Oaths of Office". U.S. Regular army Centre of Military History. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
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External links [edit]

• Forrest Church, Ph.D., "Did George Washington Say 'So Help Me God'?"
• Video on YouTube Video of inaugurations from Franklin D. Roosevelt – Barack H. Obama

henryuponectim.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_president_of_the_United_States

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